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Dumka, V. K.
- Safety Assessment of Lincomycin Following Repeated Intramuscular Administration in Goats
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1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana-141004, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana-141004, IN
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Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 3 (2015), Pagination: 92-95Abstract
A safety evaluation of lincomycin was carried out to assess clinical impact of intramuscular administration of lincomycin on various haematological and biochemical parameters in goats to establish safety profile of lincomycin. Six healthy female goats were treated with single intramuscular dose of lincomycin @10.0 mg/kg body weight. The blood samples were collected at day 0 (before administration of drugs), and on 6th day of drug administration. The hematological and plasma biochemical analysis were done. No significant alterations (p < 0.05) were found in the mean value of haematological and biochemical parameters during treatment period except for significant elevation in values of Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatinine. Repeated intramuscular administration of lincomycin (10.0 mg/kg) for 5 days in goat was found safe. Thus, lincomycin may be useful to treat bacterial diseases accompanied by fever, pain and other inflammatory condition in goats.Keywords
Goats, Lincomycin, Safety Assessment.
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- P53 and It’s Applications in Cancer Therapy
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rasalpura - 453446, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141012, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rasalpura - 453446, Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141012, Punjab, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 9-18Abstract
P53 is a tumour suppressor protein encoded by the TP53 gene, which is one of the most commonly mutated gene in human and animal cancers. Missense Mutation of the p53 gene is the most prevalent genetic abnormalities which gives rise to full length p53 containing single amino acid substitution within the sequence-specific DNA binding domain (|Greenblatt et al., 1994)14. p53 plays anti-cancer role, through several mechanisms namely by activating DNA repair, initiating apoptosis and inducing growth arrest. By managing the DNA damage, p53 gene plays an important role in maintaining integrity and stability of the genome and therefore, it has been described as "the guardian of the genome". Restoring p53 function is a major step in the treatment of many cancers by following different strategies like, gene replacement therapy using wild-type p53, reactivation of p53 function, inhibition of p53-Mdm2 interaction etc. Advexin is an Adeno-p53 vector, recognized as an orphan drug by USA, Food and Drug administration in 2003, provides delivery of wild-type p53 to cancer cells and demonstrates anticancer activity following adequate expression of p53 (Nemunaitis and Nemunaitis, 2008)27. Similarly, MI-319 restores p53 functions and increases the life span of orally treated follicular lymphoma bearing animals (Mohammad et al., 2009)25. These strategies of p53-based cancer therapy differ greatly between themselves both in the mode of action and the degree of success seen in experimental models. Cancer therapy based around p53 proves to be more efficacious, especially in terms of specificity. But the innovation of successful p53-based cancer therapies is only limited by our understanding of p53 biology and the creative use of such knowledge. In future, p53-based cancer therapy can be a valuable option for the treatment of a variety of tumours in human as well as animals.Keywords
P53/Cancer Therapy.References
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- Flubendiamide and Lead Exposure Alters Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Aspartic Acid Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Buffalo Calves
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 23, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 27-32Abstract
Changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aspartic acid (AA) concentrations in CSF following flubendiamide and lead exposure was studied. Male buffalo calves received daily oral dose of flubendiamide alone (n=4) @ 0.024mg/ kg/ day or lead acetate alone (n=4) @ 9.2 mg/ kg/ day or a combination of these two (n=4) for 90 days. Blood and CSF samples were collected and analyzed. GFAP in CSF did not alter in animals receiving flubendiamide alone. However, a significant increase in GFAP concentration in CSF was observed in animals receiving lead acetate. GFAP concentration showed a positive correlation (r = +0.545) with blood lead concentration in lead exposed animals, but no significant correlation was evident in animals exposed to both lead and flubendiamide. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that Aspartic acid concentration in CSF did not change significantly in lead treated animals, but increased significantly in flubendiamide treated animals. No significant alteration in AA level in CSF was observed in combined flubendiamide and lead treated animals. Flubendiamide exposure is associated with increase in AA level in CSF. Flubendiamide may have interactive effects with lead as evident from increase in GFAP and AA level in CSF after their combined exposure. This is the first report documenting alterations in GFAP and AA concentrations in CSF after flubendiamide exposure in mammals.Keywords
CSF, Heavy Metal, Pesticide, Toxicity.References
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- Immune Response to Sub Acute Toxicity of Thiacloprid Insecticide in Gallus domesticus
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Authors
Saloni Singla
1,
V. K. Dumka
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 249-253Abstract
Thiacloprid is fairly a new chemical, but it has established itself as key component in insecticides because of its selectivity and low toxicity. It is effective on contact and via stomach action and bind agonistically to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the CNS of insects, affecting synaptic transmission and leading to disruption of the nervous system. The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. It can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host’s health. The health implications of these immune dysfunctions are increased risk of infectious diseases; development of neoplasia; autoimmune disorders and allergies. Estimation of total immunoglobulins and enumeration of B and T lymphocytes in blood after repeated oral administration of thiacloprid at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg/day revealed no significant alterations in Gallus domesticus. The observed findings in the present study indicated that repeated thiacloprid exposure in poultry birds did not adversely affect the immune status of Gallus domesticus and thus is immunologically safer insecticide.Keywords
Toxicity, Gallus domesticus, Thiacloprid, Insecticide, Immune System.References
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- Amelioration of Quinalphos-Induced Oxidative Stress by Emblica officinalis Fruit Extracts in Rats
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSKHPKV, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSKHPKV, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
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Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 24, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 301-308Abstract
The fruit of Emblica officinalis (commonly known Amla) contain potent antioxidants and is most commonly used in the Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases. Quinalphos- a organophorus insecticide is known to alter antioxidant defense system in mammals. With this premise, experiment was planned with objective to study the effect of amla fruit extract supplementation on quinalphos induced oxidative stress. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were homogenously divided into six groups of four animals each. Group I was kept as control. Group II was orally given quinalphos at the dose rate of 2 mg.kg-1. day-1. Group III and V were orally gavaged with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at the dose rate of 50 μg.kg-1.day-1 whereas group IV and VI were orally dosed with quinalphos along with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at above mentioned dose rates from day 16-45. The various indices of antioxidant status were analyzed in major organs of treatment groups viz. Liver, kidney and brain. Sub chronic quinalphos administration produced oxidative stress in rats as evidenced by increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and decline in superoxide dismutase. Oral supplementation of amla extract in sugar and honey bases provided partially amelioration against altered antioxidant status following sub chronic quinalphos exposure. Results of histopathological study were also in corroboration with blood antioxidant status validating amla in either bases was unable to provide full protection against quinalphos induced toxicity in rats.References
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- Chronic Flubendiamide Exposure Induces Oxidative Stress in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner 334 001, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334 022, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner 334 001, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner 334 022, IN
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Current Science, Vol 114, No 08 (2018), Pagination: 1610-1612Abstract
Flubendiamide is a recently introduced, fast-acting insecticide with an excellent residual effect. In an unpublished study, it was reported not to cause any genotoxic, carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects in mammals. However, recent studies suggest that it is toxic for fish and Chinese tiger frog. Alterations in leukogram, erythrocytic indices and aspartic acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in water buffalo following its chronic exposure to flubendiamide have also been recorded in our laboratory.Full Text
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- Toxicological Sequelae of Pesticide Combinations Exposure in Buffalo Mesenchymal Stem Cells under In Vitro
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Authors
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1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
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Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 29, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 1-14Abstract
The presence of one or more pesticides in a variety of mediums is responsible for their indirect toxicological events leading to cell senescence. In the present investigation, the endeavor was made to see the effect of pesticides Car-Benda-Zim (CBZ) and IMIdacloprid (IMI) alone and in combination with bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (bMSCs) of buffalo origin. Isolated and cultured bMSCs were exposed to CBZ and IMI alone and in combinations at lower doses. Cells were observed for alterations in cell morphology, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence. bMSCs characterized for stem cell surface markers and found to be positive for AP, CD73 and OCT4. bMSCs exposed to IC25, IC12.5 and IC6.25 CBZ and IMI alone and combinations of IC12.5 and IC6.25 of CBZ and IMI. Results revealed significant reduction (p≤0.05) in cell viability noticed on microscopic examination along with loss of normal cell morphology and increased in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) positive cells, cells with loss of ΔΨm and number of senescent cells in CBZ and IMI treated groups. Lower dose combination groups showed elevated effects when compared with higher dose alone treated groups and control groups. Present findings suggest that CBZ and IMI induced cytotoxicity in bMSCs mediated via ROS production, altered ΔΨm leading to the cell damage and predisposing senescence process. Moreover, the co-existence of CBZ and IMI in a medium has a considerably more toxic effect than their individual effect.Keywords
Carbendazim, Imidacloprid, Stem Cells, Mitochondrial Transmemberane Potential, Reactive (ROS), SenescenceReferences
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